Nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Multi-state Research Fund, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm 17 thaj av-grant universities tau ua hauj lwm ua ke los tsim cov tshuab siv hluav taws xob uas ua haujlwm zoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, txiv ntoo, thiab cov chaw zov me nyuam. . Kev sib koom tes ntawm ntau lub xeev txhawb nqa lub nra ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob los ntawm ib qho kev cog qoob loo tshwj xeeb thiab ua rau muaj kev vam meej loj.
Automation yog pab cov kev lag luam qoob loo tshwj xeeb kov yeej cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus, kev txiav txim siab tswj xyuas kom zoo, txuag cov peev txheej thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau loj hlob. Raws li USDA Agriculture Innovation Agenda, kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis rau kev loj hlob, sau qoob, tuav, thiab kev ua haujlwm yog tsim kev txuag nyiaj tseem ceeb rau cov neeg cog qoob loo thiab cov neeg siv khoom, thaum txhim kho kev ruaj khov.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv University of Florida tau tsim cov neeg hlau uas suav thiab qhia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo citrus, thiab University of California-Davis cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov tsheb tos txiv hmab nrog cov cuab yeej uas qhia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob no tau pab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb pom yog tias muaj teeb meem ntau lawm tshwm sim, yog li lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev tswj hwm zoo. Kev kwv yees cov txiaj ntsig raug tseeb kuj tseem ceeb rau kev sau cov tshuab sau qoob loo thiab txiav txim siab ua lag luam.
Kev kuaj kab mob tsis siv neeg thiab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txo cov qoob loo poob. Piv txwv li, Iowa State University cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia txog kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis uas txo cov tshuaj tua kab. Washington State University cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov drones los tiv thaiv cov noog uas noj thiab ua rau cov qoob loo puas tsuaj. Thiab, cov cuab yeej siv tau tsim los ntawm University of Hawaii cov kws tshawb fawb muab cov neeg cog kas fes ib txoj hauv kev pheej yig los pom cov nplooj dej ntxhov siab thiab ua kom dej zoo dua.
Txhawm rau kov yeej kev tsis txaus ua haujlwm thiab txiav cov nqi ua haujlwm, Washington State University cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim lub tshuab twining tshuab rau hops, thiab University of Georgia cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pheej yig rau kev sau qoob loo blueberry. Ib txoj kev pruning tshiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Pennsylvania State University Extension tuaj yeem txiav lub sijhawm pruning los ntawm 42% thiab txuag tau $ 136 toj ib acre. Automation kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej sau-pab tsim los ntawm Penn State tshem tawm cov ntaiv ntog thiab txo lub sijhawm cov txiv apple pickers siv rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, txaus ntshai ntawm 65% mus rau 43% ntawm lub sijhawm xaiv.
Automation yuav tsis sai li sai tau hloov lub qhov muag zoo ntawm cov neeg cog qoob loo, tab sis cov thev naus laus zis no yuav txo cov nqi, txhim kho kom zoo, thiab ua kom cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab, thaum tshem tawm qee qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov USDA-NIFA nyiaj txiag qhov project: W2009: Integrated Systems Research and Development in Automation and Sensor for Sustainability of Specialty Crops (2013-2018).
Qhov kev tshawb fawb no txhawb nqa "tus nqi-ntxiv tshiab" lub ntsiab lus piav qhia hauv USDA Science Daim Ntawv Qhiathiab txav peb los ze zog kom ua tau raws li cov hom phiaj tau teev tseg hauv USDA's Agriculture Innovation Agenda.
Kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis, automation, thiab kev paub txog tej thaj chaw deb yog kev hla kev, macro txav hauv kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam txog kev ua liaj ua teb tau teev tseg hauv USDA Science Daim Ntawv Qhia (PDF, 2.6 MB). Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb qhia USDA qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau 5 xyoo tom ntej, tsim los ntawm kev ua tiav dhau los. Piv nrog rau lwm cov qoob loo, ntau cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb rau kev tsim khoom, sau qoob, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm blog series uas qhia txog kev tshawb fawb kev nqis peev los ua kom muaj kev siv tshuab thiab kev siv tshuab rau cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb.
-Sara Delheimer, NIFA-funded Multistate Research Fund Impacts Program hauv Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb
Kev siv zog ntau lub xeev thoob plaws 17 lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tau tsom mus rau automation kom kov yeej kev tsis txaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev txiav txim siab tswj xyuas kom zoo, txuag cov peev txheej thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb. Yees duab: Andre Daccache/UC Davis