Yas mulch pab tswj cov nroj tsuag, txuag dej noo thiab ua kom cov av sov so - kom lub npe ob peb qhov zoo - tab sis biodegradable yas mulch muaj qhov ntawd thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua.
"Plastic mulch yog ib qho cuab yeej siv ntau thoob plaws hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis dab tsi yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau mulch yas thiab dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov av?" nug Carol Miles, tus kws tshaj lij hauv zaub horticulture ntawm Washington State University (WSU). Miles yog tus hais lus ntawm Great Lakes Fruit, Zaub thiab Farm Market EXPO tsis ntev los no hauv Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Ntau tus neeg cog qoob loo tsis txaus siab los txais yuav biodegradable yas mulches vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov tsis paub tseeb, kev pheej hmoo thiab kev zoo nkauj.
WSU tab tom ua tiav xyoo plaub ntawm kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam biodegradable yas mulch. Yog tias nws ua tau raws li kev pom, cov mulch ua tiav biodegrades yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov av lossis ib puag ncig thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig sib npaug ntawm polyethylene mulch. Biodegradable yas mulch muaj cov nqi zog qis dua vim tias nws tsis tas yuav raug tshem tawm thiab muab pov tseg thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nyoog - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab vim nws tus nqi siab dua.
Miles tau hais tias "Koj mus txog thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nyoog," Miles hais. "Qhov txiaj ntsig loj ntawm biodegradable yas mulch yog nws txuag ntawm kev ua haujlwm."
WSU tab tom ntsuam xyuas biodegradable yas mulches ntawm Mount Vernon, Washington, thiab nrog University of Tennessee ntawm Knoxville, Tennessee. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob qhov chaw twb tau txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov mulch deterioration - ntsuas raws li feem pua ntawm cov av raug (PSE) los ntawm lub caij - yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw thiab sib txawv nrog lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, cia siab tias yuav deterioration sai nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nrog ntau noo noo thiab kub dua.
Ntawm Knoxville xyoo 2016, tag nrho cov khoom lag luam tuav tau zoo nrog kwv yees li 20 feem pua PSE rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nag hnyav thiab kub kub hauv xyoo 2015 ua rau qee cov khoom poob sib nrug nrog ze li 100 feem pua PSE thaum nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov.
Ntawm Mount Vernon, nrog rau Washington lub txias txias, cov khoom biodegradable tuav tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv 2016 nrog PSEs nyob ib ncig ntawm 5 feem pua ntawm Cuaj hlis 1. Nyob rau hauv 2015, tsuas yog ib tug biodegradable khoom poob sib nrug thiab muaj PSE mus txog ib ncig ntawm 60 feem pua los ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1, tab sis qhov no yog vim tias cov khoom tau muab ntim rau hauv ib nrab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab cov quav yog qhov tsis muaj zog uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sai.
Qhov chaw tseem ceeb
Miles tau hais tias "Qhov chaw, tsis yog cov qoob loo, txiav txim siab tus nqi degradation," Miles tau hais. "Koj yeej yuav tsum tau sim cov khoom no ntawm koj cov liaj teb kom pom cov khoom twg ua haujlwm rau koj. Muaj cov mulch txaus los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub caij loj hlob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj cov nroj tsuag. "
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib piv ntawm kev tswj cov nroj tsuag yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm. Miles tau hais tias "Muaj cov lus teb sib xyaw ntawm kev tswj cov nroj tsuag vim tias cov nyom siab sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw," Miles tau hais. "Muaj ntau qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam txog kev tswj cov nroj tsuag tsuas yog mulch."
Yield yog ib cov lus zoo sib xws. Miles tau hais tias "Lub vev xaib yog qhov yuav txiav txim siab tawm los tiag tiag," Miles hais. "Tag nrho cov dub, biodegradable yas mulches muaj piv yields rau dub, polyethylene mulch."
WSU tau sim cov khoom BioAgri, Exp.PLA/PHA (ib zaj duab xis sim), Naturecycle, Organix (dub), Organix Clr (ntshiab), standard polyethylene thiab WeedGuardPlus.
Cov khoom sib txawv hauv lawv qhov feem pua ntawm bio-based. BioAgri yog 20 mus rau 25 feem pua ntawm bio-based, Exp.PLA/PHA yog 86 feem pua bio-based
thiab Naturecycle yog sib npaug los yog ntau dua 20 feem pua bio-based. Organix thiab Organix Clr yog 10 feem pua ntawm bio-based thaum polyethylene tsawg dua li ib feem pua ntawm bio-based thiab WeedGuardPlus yog 100 feem pua bio-based. WeedGuardPlus yog ntawv, 100 feem pua biodegradable, thiab tso cai rau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj organic ntau lawm.
Qhov feem pua ntawm bio-based muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis yog qhov txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom zoo lossis lub sijhawm degradation vim tias cov mulches tuaj yeem ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev.
Biodegradable plastics tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm pob kws hmoov txhuv nplej siab lossis lwm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los yog los ntawm cov kab mob fermentation ntawm cov nroj tsuag qab zib lossis lipids. Cov biodegradable polymers tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas muaj cov ester bonds uas tau yooj yim tawg los ntawm cov kab mob, hnub ci thiab dej.
Qhov xwm txheej nplaum
Biodegradable yas mulch muaj lub koob npe nrov ntawm kev ua raws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev pom zoo.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb WSU tau siv taub dag hauv qhov kev sim los ntsuas qhov teeb meem ntawd.
Qhov teeb meem tau tshwm sim thiab mulch tau lo rau taub taub. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab, Miles pom cov mulch fragments tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav me ntsis thaum nws tau khaws vim av noo, dej lwg lossis dej thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug so tam sim ntawd. Miles tau hais tias "Yog tias koj muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus tawm ntawm koj daim teb, koj yuav tsis xav siv sijhawm los sim ntxuav nws," Miles hais. "Xav txog biodegradable yas mulch ua tib zoo yog tias koj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej no."
WeedGuardPlus nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj qhov ua kom txias ntawm cov av, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo hauv Washington qhov kev nyab xeeb txias. Hauv thaj chaw sov ntawm lub tebchaws, qhov ua kom txias tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.
WeedGuardPlus kuj muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov txiv ntseej daj. "Nws tswj tau daj nutsedge txhua xyoo hauv kev sim,"
Miles hais. "Peb xav tias qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg cog qoob loo uas muaj qhov teeb meem ntawd. Tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tom qab tau sau npe rau taub dag yog li kev tswj cov nroj tsuag yog qhov teeb meem tiag tiag. "
Deterioration vs. degradation
Thaum ntsuam xyuas biodegradable mulches, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm deterioration thiab degradation.
Degradation yog qhov tseeb decomposition.
Deterioration yog huab cua puas los yog rips thiab kua muag los ntawm kev tuav tsis raug.
Miles tau hais tias "Yog tias cov mulch rub nruj dhau ntawm cov qoob loo nws zoo li rub tawm," Miles tau hais. "Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntawm koj cov mulch."
Cov lus qhia txog kev sau thiab ntsuas mulch fragments ntawm cov av - txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov khoom ua haujlwm zoo rau koj li cas - muaj nyob rau ntawm www.biodegradablemulch.org. Lub vev xaib yog kev koom tes ntawm University of Tennessee, WSU thiab Montana State University.
Miles tau hais tias "Koj yuav tsum ua raws li koj qhov kev mob siab rau thaum sau thiab ntsuas cov qauv no," Miles tau hais. "Mulches yuav ua txawv ntawm txhua qhov chaw."
Oxo- lossis duab-degradable yas mulch yog qhov teeb meem loj hauv kev sib tham txog biodegradable yas mulch.
Miles tau hais tias "Nws tau raug muag raws li biodegradable yas thiab nws tsis yog," Miles hais. "Dab tsi koj yuav xaus nrog yog cov pa phem hauv koj daim teb. Nws yuav tsis decompose thiab yuav nyob ntawd rau 300 xyoo zoo li polyethylene mulch. Koj tuaj yeem nqa tsis tau; nws tsuas yog sib cais. "
Daim ntawv qhia txog oxo- lossis photodegradable yas mulch muaj nyob rau ntawm www.biodegradablemulch.org.
- Dean Peterson, VGN Correspondent
Saum toj no: Cov kws tshawb fawb nteg mulch ntawm Boxx Berry Farm hauv Ferndale, Washington, qhov twg Washington State University cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm biodegradable mulches. Yees duab: Washington State University